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Mosque of al-Zahir Baybars
The Mosque of al-Zahir Baybars is a mosque built in Cairo, Egypt by the Mamluk Sultan al-Zahir Baybars al-Bunduqdari (r. 1260-1277).
==History==
Sultan al-Zahir Baybars al-Bunduqdari was an influential leader and established a strong foundation for Mamluk rule in Egypt. He was a successful statesman and warrior, united Syria and the Hijaz with Egypt, conquered important lands from the Crusaders, raided Little Armenia, and expanded Mamluk rule to Nubian territory.〔Doris Behrens-Abbouseif, "Cairo of the Mamluks: A History of the Architecture and its Culture," London: I.B. Tauris and Co. Ltd., 2007.〕 Ruling from 1260–1277, Baybars instituted many reforms, infrastructure projects, and pious foundations that created the groundwork for the Mamluk state.〔 In addition to his madrassa, Baybars had two mosques built in his name, the mosque at Husayniyya, and another larger mosque built in rural, southern Cairo in 1273, of which nothing remains.〔 In 1267 A.D., four years after the construction of Baybars's Madrassa in the middle of the old Fatimid city, he began construction on the mosque at Husayniyya, an area remote from urban life in the northern edge of Cairo.〔 The mosque, which took a year and a half to finish and cost one million dirhams, was the first mosque of the Mamluk period and the first Friday mosque to be built in Cairo in a hundred years.〔
Although the site of this mosque is remote, it demonstrates the pious nature of Baybars, as he sacrificed the land of his own Polo grounds and chose a space close to the zawiya, or religious school, of Shaykh Khidr, Baybars's controversial patron saint.〔 The generosity of both mosques and the land around them were important aspects of the economics of medieval Egypt. Rulers' and rich individuals' "gifts" to society were an important mechanism through which they provided for citizens, that in turn paid them taxes and loyalties. In addition, it was a way for new dynasties to establish their rule, creating new city centers with large buildings, and for leaders to demonstrate their political and religious power. The story, site, and architecture of this mosque are all more broadly significant to Baybars's rule- one of piety, victory, and grandiosity.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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